超脉冲点阵二氧化碳激光治疗烧伤后轻中度小口畸形的临床疗效

Clinical effects of ultra-pulsed fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of mild to moderate microstomia after burns

目的探究超脉冲点阵二氧化碳激光(UFCL)治疗烧伤后轻中度小口畸形的临床疗效。方法对2018年1月—2022年1月内蒙古包钢医院收治的19例烧伤后轻中度小口畸形且接受UFCL治疗的患者进行回顾性观察性研究,其中男15例、女4例,年龄(35±14)岁,小口畸形平均病程为71 d,术前轻度张口受限者8例、中度张口受限者11例。患者2~3个月行1次UFCL治疗,直至患者对张口度满意或达到疗效瓶颈。记录患者行UFCL治疗的次数以及末次治疗到末次随访的时间间隔。统计患者首次治疗前和末次随访时的张口度(手指测量法)、口裂宽度和张口时上下切牙间距。采用新版温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)评估患者首次治疗前、末次治疗后的瘢痕。末次随访,患者自行采用利克特5级评分量表对疗效满意度进行评价并计算满意比例;统计治疗区域出现色素沉着、水疱、感染、持续性红斑等不良反应情况。对数据行Mann-Whitney秩和检验或配对样本t检验。结果患者接受UFCL治疗3(2,6)次。患者的末次治疗到末次随访的时间间隔最长为26个月,最短为4个月。末次随访,患者的张口度较首次治疗前改善明显(Z=4.68,P<0.01)。末次随访,患者口裂宽度为(35±6)mm,张口时上下切牙间距为(3.2±0.4)cm,均较首次治疗前显著改善(t值分别为10.73、18.97,P<0.01)。末次治疗后瘢痕评分为(4.1±1.6)分,显著优于治疗前(t=22.96,P<0.01)。末次随访,患者对治疗的满意比例为18/19;所有患者治疗区未出现色素沉着、水疱、感染、持续性红斑等不良反应,但其中1例患者反映治疗后约半年病症复发。结论UFCL可治疗烧伤后轻中度小口畸形,患者满意度高,具有进一步研究和推广的价值。

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of ultra-pulsed fractional carbon dioxide laser(UFCL)in the treatment of mild to moderate microstomia after burns.Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted on 19 patients with mild to moderate microstomia after burns who were admitted to Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022,including 15 males and 4 females aged(35±14)years.Patients had an average course of 71 d of microstomia,with 8 cases of moderate microstomia and 11 cases of mild microstomia.All the patients received UFCL treatment every 2-3 months until the microstomia was corrected or the treatment bottleneck was reached.The times of UFCL treatment for patients and the time interval from the last treatment to the last follow-up were recorded.Before the first treatment and at the last follow-up,the opening degree of mouth(finger measurement method),oral gap width,and the distance between the upper and lower incisors during mouth opening were recorded.Before the first treatment and at the last treatment,the new Vancouver scar scale(VSS)was used to evaluate the scar.At the last follow-up,the degree of satisfaction was evaluated by the Likert 5 scale by the patients themselves,and the satisfaction ratio was calculated;the adverse reactions such as pigmentation,blisters,infection,and persistent erythema in the treatment area were counted.Data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney rank sum test or paired sample t test.Results Patients received UFCL treatment of 3(2,6)times.The interval from the last treatment to the last follow-up was 26 months at most and 4 months at least.At the last follow-up,the opening degree of mouth of patients was significantly improved than that before treatment(Z=4.68,P<0.01).At the last follow-up,the oral gap width of patients was(35±6)mm,and the distance between upper and lower incisors during mouth opening was(3.2±0.4)cm,which was significantly improved compared with those before treatment(with t values of 10.73 and 18.97,respectively,P<0.01).The VSS score after the last treatment was 4.1±1.6,which was significantly better than that before treatment(t=22.96,P<0.01).At the last follow-up,the satisfaction ratio of patients with treatment was 18/19,and no pigmentation,blisters,infection,persistent erythema,and other adverse reactions of all patients in the treatment area occurred,however,one of the patients reported that the disease recurred about half a year after treatment.Conclusions UFCL is an effective method for treating mild to moderate microstomia after burns,with which patients are highly satisfied,and it is worth of further study and promotion.