六盘山区大气水汽资源特征及开发潜力分析

Features of Atmospheric Water Vapor Resources and Analysis of Its Development Potential in Liupan Mountain Area

六盘山地区是黄土高原重要的水源涵养地和生态保护区,摸清六盘山区大气水汽资源及其开发潜力是科学高效开展人工影响天气工作的重要基础。本文利用2014—2020年布设在六盘山区的5部全球导航卫星系统大气探测站(GNSS/MET)与区域地面自动气象站数据分析了六盘山区大气水汽资源的时空分布特征,研究了六盘山区大气水汽的开发潜力。结果表明:六盘山区大气水汽资源丰富,年均空中大气水汽资源总量大约在798亿m3,空中大气水汽资源总量在夏季最大,秋、春季次之,冬季最小,4个季节空中大气水汽资源总量分别占全年空中大气水汽资源总量的48.9%、24.7%、18.7%和7.7%;夏、秋季大气水汽开发潜力大于冬、春季,夏秋季与春季、冬季水汽开发潜力分别为89%~93%、86%~88%、81%~86%;对于不同类型降水过程,大于10 mm以上的强降水,其人工增雨的潜力最小,雷阵雨、阵雨降水时间持续在1~2 h的降水潜力比持续时间长的降水过程人工增雨的潜力要小,大气水汽开发潜力最大的是稳定性持续性降水天气过程。

Liupan Mountain area is an important conserve of water sources and ecological reserve in the Loess Plateau,it's of great importance to find out its features of atmospheric water vapor resources and analysis of development potential.Based on data retrieved by 5 GNSS/MET station and ground-based automatic weather station located in Liupan Mountain area from 2014 to 2020,the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric water vapor resources and its development potential is analyzed.The results showed that the atmospheric water vapor resources in Liupan Mountain area is abundant with approximately 79.8 billion cubic meters per year.The overall amount of atmospheric water vapor resources peaks in summer,followed by autumn,spring and winter,the proportions of which are 48.9%,24.7%,18.7%and 7.7%,respectively;The development potential of water vapor resources in summer and autumn,spring and winter are 89%~93%,86%~88%,81%~86%,respectively;For different rainfall processes,the artificial precipitation enhancement potential for those larger than 10mm is the least.The potential for shower and thunder shower with 1~2 hour is less than those with longer time.The largest development potential rain type is stable consistent rainfall processes.