基于表型性状的酢浆草属种质遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Oxalis Germplasm Based on Phenotypic Traits

为深入了解酢浆草属种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性,提高其利用效率,对福建农林大学园林学院酢浆草种质资源圃收集的50份秋植酢浆草属种质资源的14个质量性状和11个数量性状进行观测,计算其变异系数和多样性指数,并运用相关性、主成分和聚类分析等方法,探讨其种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性。结果表明50份酢浆草属种质资源类型丰富,性状差异显著,变异大且多样性程度高。数量性状的多样性指数(1.89)大于质量性状(0.90),其中花瓣长度的多样性指数最高(2.08);数量性状的变异系数为24.91%~96.56%,以单花数量最大,其次是叶柄粗度。在主成分分析中,筛选出对总体方差累计贡献率达72.76%的8个因子来评价参试材料,贡献率较大的小叶宽度、花瓣宽度、叶柄颜色、花序类型、花瓣长度、株型、花瓣形状、叶厚度、叶形、植株冠幅、花着生方式、叶上表面绒毛等12个形态性状是造成酢浆草属植物表型差异的主要因素。通过聚类分析,当遗传距离为17时可将50份资源分为5个类群,其遗传聚类与叶柄有无、花序类型、花着生方式、株型、叶形等性状关系密切。其中类群Ⅰ包含38份,类群Ⅱ包含7份,类群Ⅲ仅有1份,类群Ⅳ和Ⅴ分别包含2份。本研究为酢浆草属种质资源的高效利用、种质创新、DUS测试指南性状指标的筛选、亲本选择、品种改良提供理论基础。

In order to deeply understand the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits of Oxalis germplasm resources and improve their utilization efficiency,14 qualitative characters and 11 quantitative characters of 50 Oxalis germplasm resources in Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University were observed and analyzed.The genetic diversity of phenotypic characters of Oxalis germplasm resources was studied by means of correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that 50 samples of Oxalis are of high variation,rich types and rich genetic diversity.The diversity index of quantitative traits(1.89)was higher than that of qualitative traits(0.90),in which the diversity index of petal length was the highest(2.08).The coefficient of variation of quantitative characters was 24.91%~96.56%,with the number of single flowers as the largest diversity feature,followed by petiole thickness.In the principal component analysis,eight factors with a cumulative contribution rate of 72.76% to the total variance were selected to evaluate the tested materials.Twelve morphological characters,such as leaflet width,petal width,petiole color,inflorescence type,petal length,plant type,petal shape,leaf thickness,leaf shape,plant crown width,flower planting mode,and leaf upper surface fluff,are the main factors leading to the phenotypic differences of Oxalis.Through cluster analysis,50 resources were divided into five groups when the genetic distance was 17,and their genetic clustering was closely related to petiole,inflorescence type,flower planting mode,plant type,and leaf shape and so on.Among them,38 were in group Ⅰ,7 in group Ⅱ,only one in group Ⅲ,and 2 in group Ⅳ and Ⅴ,respectively.This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of Oxalis germplasm resources,germplasm innovation,DUS test guidelines for the selection of traits,parent selection and variety improvement.