论西方社会学理论的逻辑

On the Logic of Western Sociological Theories

社会学是一门多范式的学科,对众多西方社会学理论之间的逻辑关系进行梳理对于社会学理论的发展具有重要意义。国内外社会学理论研究者在这方面已经做了不少工作,取得了一定的成果,但这些成果也存在一定的不足之处。如果我们将西方社会学理论视为一个由马克思主义社会学理论和非马克思主义社会学理论两大阵营共同组成的领域,那么我们就可以建构出一个由马克思主义和非马克思主义两大理论阵营以及结构论、建构论、互构论和复构论四种理论类型交叉构成的西方社会学理论分类模式,该模式可以帮助我们更好地理解迄今为止西方社会学各种理论之间的逻辑关系。

Sociology is a discipline with multiple paradigms,and sorting out the logical relationship between Western sociological theories is of great significance to the development of sociological theory.Researchers of sociological theory have done a lot of work in this regard and achieved certain results,but these achievements also have certain deficiencies.Suppose we regard Western sociological theory as a field composed of two camps:Marxist sociological theories and non-Marxist sociological theories.In that case,then we can construct a classification model of Western sociological theories that is composed of two major theoretical camps of Marxism and non-Marxism with four theoretical types of structuralism,constructivism,inter-constructivism and plural-constructivism in each camp,which can help us better understand the logical relationship between various theories of Western sociology so far.