找回作为分析框架的社区

Bring Community Back as an Analytical Framework

社区最早由滕尼斯提出,是指一种亲密的内聚性群体关系,在其后的研究发展中,社区的含义逐渐实体化,丢失了原本的分析性价值。本文结合滕尼斯和韦伯等人的经典理论以及帕克和费孝通等学者对相关研究的推进,着眼于情感与空间二元内涵,找回社区的分析性价值。社区以超出工具性合约的溢出性情感认同为核心特征,同时具备一定的空间基础。本文提出了“溢出性-工具性”二维分析框架,该框架包括三部分递进的内容,分别是社区关系的可操作化特征、社区关系的分类以及社区变迁的两种路径。基于以上框架,文章接着讨论了空间环境变迁对社区发展的冲击并对空间效用做出了理论和实践案例分析。最后,文章尝试对新的技术与空间环境下社区的重建和维系提出了建议。

Community was first put forward by Ferdinand T?nnies, which refers to a close and cohesive group relationship. In the later research and development, the meaning of community gradually became an objective and material carrier and lost its original analytical value. Combined with the classic theories of T?nnies and Weber, and the promotion of related research by Parker and Fei Xiao tong, we can think that community has a dual connotation of emotion and space. The core feature of the community is the spillover utility beyond the instrumental goal of the organization, and it has a certain spatial basis. This paper proposes a two-dimensional analysis framework of“instrumental-spillover”, which includes three progressive parts: the operable characteristics of community relations, the classification of community relations and two paths of community change. Based on the above analysis framework, the paper then discusses the impact of spatial environment change on community development and makes theoretical and practical case analysis on spatial utility. Finally, the paper tries to suggest the reconstruction and maintenance of community under the new technology and space environment.