自主动机和受控动机匹配与大学生体适能--基于多项式回归与响应面分析

Autonomous and controlled motivation fit on college students’ physical fitness:based on the polynomial regression and response surface analysis

目的基于自我决定理论,从自主动机(autonomous motivation,AM)和受控动机(controlled motivation,CM)的共存视角分析动机质量与大学生体适能的关系以及体力活动的中介作用。方法于2019年10—11月,采用整群抽样方式抽取芜湖市4所高校一、二年级的682名(男252,女生430)大学生为测试对象,使用行为调节量表和体力活动问卷进行调查,并于6周后进行体适能测试。对调查测试结果进行多项式回归结合响应面法分析以及中介效应检验。结果体适能随AM和CM一致性呈现“凸形”曲线式增高(a1=1.547,a2=1.254,P<0.01),“高AM-高CM”一致性情形下的体适能水平高于“低AM-低CM”一致性时的体适能水平(Z_(hat)=3.111,95%CI 0.446~5.896);AM和CM不一致的情形下,AM>CM的差异越大,体适能水平越高(a3=5.280,P<0.01;a4=0.232,P>0.05)。AM以非线性形式(β_(AM)^(2)=1.602,P<0.01)正向预测体力活动(β_(AM)=1.605,P<0.01);体力活动随AM-CM一致性程度出现“凸形”变化(a1=0.811,P>0.05;a2=1.618,P<0.01),但AM-CM皆高与皆低时所对应的体力活动水平差异无统计学意义(Z_(hat)=1.407,95%CI-1.084~3.391);“高AM-低CM”时的体力活动比“高CM-低AM”时更高(Z_(hat)=5.008,95%CI 2.348~7.113)。AM和CM的匹配不仅直接影响体适能(β=0.453,P<0.01),也可通过课外体力活动间接影响体适能(β=0.184,95%CI 0.145~0.240)。结论AM和CM的共存通过一致性和不一致性匹配影响体适能。

OBJECTIVE Based on the self-determination theory, to explore the relationship between motivation quality and college students’ physical fitness and the mediating role of physical activities from the perspective of the coexistence of autonomous motivation(AM) and controlled motivation(CM).METHODS From October to November 2019, a total of 682 freshmen and sophomores(252 males and 430 females) were recruited with cluster-sampling method from 4 colleges and universities in Wuhu City, filled with questionnaires of Perceived Locus of Causality scale and Godin’s leisure-time physical activity questionnaire, and tested physical fitness according to China National Fitness Test Program after 6 weeks. The data were analyzed by polynomial regression combined with response surface analysis and mediation effect test.RESULTSPhysical fitness presented a “convex” curve increase with the consistency of AM and CM(a1=1.547, a2=1.254, P<0.01). The physical fitness of high AM-high CM combination was higher than that of low AM-low CM combination(Z=3.111,95% CI 0.446-5.896). Under the condition of AM and CM differentiation, physical fitness was higher when the discrepancy was such that AM was higher than CM(a3=5.280, P<0.01;a4=0.232, P>0.05). AM positively predicted physical activity in a nonlinear form(β=1.605, β-2=1.602, P<0.01). Physical activity showed a “convex” change with the consistency of AM-CM(a1=0.811, P > 0.05;a2=1.618, P <0.01), but there was no significant difference in the level of physical activity between high and low AM-CM combination(Z_(hat)=1.407, 95% CI-0.084-3.391). Physical activity was higher in high AM-low CM combination than that in high CM-low AM combination(Z_(hat)=5.008,95% CI 2.348-7.113). Matching of AM and CM influenced college students’ physical fitness directly(β=0.453, P<0.01) and indirectly through physical activity(β=0.184, 95% CI 0.145-0.240).CONCLUSION The coexistence of AM and CM effects physical fitness through their consistency and inconsistency matching.