选择性抑制变异链球菌的材料及其研究进展

Materials for Selective Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and Progress in Relevant Research

龋病是在以细菌为主的多种因素影响下,牙体硬组织发生慢性进行性破坏的一种疾病。牙菌斑生物膜是龋病发生的关键因素。正常情况下,菌斑内各微生物通过协同、竞争和拮抗作用来保持动态平衡,但当环境发生变化时,生物膜内平衡就会被打破,致龋菌特别是变异链球菌的数量明显增加,导致牙面上大量有机酸生成,牙齿发生脱矿,龋齿形成。因此如何通过选择性抑制变异链球菌进而恢复口腔微生物动态平衡是防治龋病的关键。本文综述了近年来研发的具有选择性抗菌作用材料的研究进展,以期对防治龋病药物的进一步发展提供参考。未来的研究应重点关注机制机理、临床有效性、化学改性以及安全性等几个方面,补充完善相关研究,推进龋病防治药物研发的进程。

Dental caries is a disease in which chronic progressive destruction of the hard dental tissues occurs under the influence of multiple factors,among which,bacterial infection being the most important one.Dental plaque biofilm is a key factor in the pathogenesis of dental caries.Under normal circumstances,microorganisms within the biofilm maintain a dynamic balance through coordination,competition,and antagonism.However,when the environment changes,the balance in the biofilm will be disrupted,and the number of cariogenic bacteria,especially Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans),will increase significantly,thereby causing the production of large amounts of organic acids on the tooth surface,tooth demineralization,and the formation of dental caries.Therefore,finding ways to restore the dynamic balance of oral microorganisms through selective inhibition of S.mutans is key to the prevention and treatment of dental caries.Herein,we reviewed the research progress of recent years in the development of materials with selective antibacterial effect,intending to provide references for the further development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.Future studies should focus on the following aspects,mechanism,clinical efficacy,chemical modification,and safety,to supplement and make improvements on the existing relevant research,and to promote progress in research and development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.