病理性近视眼底病变临床分型的研究进展

Research progress on clinical classification of pathologic myopia related fundus lesions

病理性近视(PM)主要病变为后巩膜葡萄肿(PS)和近视相关性黄斑病变(MM)。MM表现为黄斑部视网膜脉络膜萎缩病变(MAM)、视网膜牵拉病变(MTM)、脉络膜新生血管病变(MNM)等。PM相关眼底病变临床表现复杂,其分型一直是近年来的研究热点。各分型的提出显示临床对疾病认识的不断深化,各有其优势但也有不尽完善之处。对于MM建议以萎缩、牵拉和新生血管分型(即ATN分型)为基础,细化MTM分级,并根据MAM和MNM的内部关联性对其进行调整。现代影像技术的快速发展会推动PM分型的不断更新,其进一步完善也有助于了解PM的起源及发展规律,对预防其发生及进展有重要的临床价值。

The main fundus changes of pathologic myopia(PM)are posterior staphyloma(PS)and myopic maculopathy(MM),which includes myopic atrophy maculopathy(MAM),myopic tractional maculopathy(MTM),myopic neovascular maculopathy(MNM)and so on.The clinical manifestations of PM-related fundus lesions are complex,and the classification of PM has been a research hotspot in recent years.The proposal of each classification shows an increasing understanding of PM,and each classification has its advantages but also imperfections.For MM,it is recommended to refine the MTM classification based on the ATN classification and adjust it according to the internal correlation between MAM and MNM.The rapid development of modern imaging technology will promote the continuous update of the classification,and its further improvement will also help to understand the development process of PM,which has important clinical value in preventing its occurrence and progression.