中国创新要素集聚水平测度、空间差异及形成机理

China’s innovation factor agglomeration level measurement, spatial difference and formation mechanism

基于创新经费集聚、创新人力集聚、创新机构集聚和创新成果集聚四大维度采用熵值法测度2009~2019年中国创新要素集聚水平,利用Dagum基尼系数分解和方差分解从空间和结构两个视角揭示中国创新要素集聚水平的差异及来源,并运用QAP方法研究创新要素集聚差异的形成机理。研究发现:创新要素集聚水平虽低但呈现缓慢上升趋势,其中创新人力集聚、创新机构集聚和创新成果集聚持续向好,而创新经费集聚呈下降趋势;区域间差异是创新要素集聚差异的主要来源,东部内部差异明显高于中部和西部地区,长江流域内部差异大于黄河流域;创新成果集聚差异是创新要素集聚差异的主要结构性来源;创新经费集聚差异对创新要素集聚差异作用强度从东向西依次增强,而创新成果集聚差异作用强度依次减弱,创新人力集聚差异和创新机构集聚差异在中部地区的作用强度最大,创新经费集聚差异对长江流域创新要素集聚差异的作用强度大于黄河流域,创新人力集聚差异、创新机构集聚差异和创新成果集聚差异的作用强度则相反。

Based on the four dimensions of innovation funding, innovation manpower, innovation institutions and innovation achievements, the entropy method was used to measure the level of China’s innovation factor agglomeration from 2009 to 2019, and the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition and variance decomposition were used to analyze the spatial and structural aspects. From the perspective of revealing the differences and sources of the agglomeration level of innovation elements in China, and using the QAP method to study the formation mechanism of the differences in the agglomeration of innovation elements. The research finds that the level of innovation factor agglomeration is low but shows a slow upward trend, among which innovation manpower agglomeration, innovation institution agglomeration and innovation achievement agglomeration continue to improve, while innovation funding agglomeration shows a downward trend;regional differences are the main source of differences in innovation factor agglomeration., the internal differences in the eastern region are significantly higher than those in the central and western regions, and the internal differences in the Yangtze River Basin are larger than those in the Yellow River Basin;the difference in the agglomeration of innovation achievements is the main structural source of the difference in the agglomeration of innovation elements;the intensity of the effect of the difference in the agglomeration of innovation funds on the difference in the agglomeration of innovation elements varies from east to west The intensity of the effect of the agglomeration difference of innovation achievements is gradually weakened. The difference in the agglomeration of innovation manpower and the agglomeration of innovation institutions has the greatest effect in the central region.