地表基质在中国黑土地资源调查评价中的应用探讨--基于黑龙江宝清地区地表基质调查

A study on the application of ground substrate in the survey and evaluation of China’s black soil resources:Based on ground substrate survey in Baoqing, Heilongjiang province

地表基质是自然作用形成的,正在或可以孕育支撑各类自然资源的基础物质。岩、砾、砂、土、泥等不同类型的地表基质通过自然作用同水、气、生等物质有机组合形成地表基质层,与地表覆盖层相互孕育支撑、演替互馈,维持着地球表层生态系统正常运转,同时为人类提供生产、生态和生活服务。中国东北黑土地作为弥足珍贵的自然资源,是特殊的地表基质层,支撑孕育了大面积的耕地和林地,发挥了不容忽视的生产、生态服务功能。黑土资源合理利用和开发越来越受到国内外重视。通过宝清地区黑土地地表基质调查,构建黑土地地表基质调查内容、指标要素和技术要求,开展黑土地表基质数量、质量、结构、功能“四位一体”调查评价,在基本查明宝清地区黑土资源现状的基础上,提出了黑土资源合理开发的适宜性评价建议。基于地表基质的黑土地资源适宜性综合调查评价,对科学合理利用开发黑土资源具有十分重大而深远的意义。

Ground substrate, which can nurture the basic materials that support various natural resources, is the basic material formed by the natural action. Different types of ground substrates, such as rock, gravel, sand, soil, and mud, form the surface substratum layer through the organic combination of water, gas and biomass by natural action, and nurture and support each other with the surface cover layer, which maintains the normal operation of the earth’s surface ecosystem and provides production, ecological and living services for human beings.As a type of invaluable natural resources, the black soil in Northeast China is a special ground substrate layer that supports and nurtures large areas of arable soil and forest soil, and serves a production and ecological service function that cannot be ignored. More and more attention has been paid to the rational utilization and development of black soil resources at home and abroad. Through the pilot survey of black soil ground substrate in Baoqing, the content, index elements and technical requirements for the survey were constructed, and the "four-in-one" survey and evaluation of black soil ground substrate quantity, quality, structure and function were carried out. On the basis of the understanding of the current situation of black soil resources in Baoqing, we proposed some suggestions on the evaluation of the rationality and development suitability of black soil resources. The comprehensive survey and evaluation of the suitability of black soil resources based on the ground substrate is of great and far-reaching significance to the scientific and rational protection and use of black soil resources.