杜文澜《古谣谚》编纂问题商兑

A Discussion of the Compilation Issue of Ancient Proverbs

《古谣谚》是最重要的古代谣谚总集,然不无缺憾。深入考究其文本,可以发现《古谣谚》虽注意使用产生年代较早的文献,但却没有条件使用这些文献的早期善本,所用多是明清时期文本讹误较多的后出之本。且《古谣谚》纂辑谣谚时,存在偏信《宋史》等权威典籍,忽视较为原始的宋人笔记的情况。这些缺憾影响了《古谣谚》文本的准确性,对于理解篇幅短小、史实不明的谣谚产生了不利影响。今人研读《古谣谚》等文学总集时,应注意借助现今可见的早期文献、早期版本、早期史料,辨识文学作品文本的准确性。

Ancient Proverbs is the most important collection of ancient ballads and proverbs,but it is not without its shortcomings.An in-depth examination of its text shows that although Ancient Proverbs pays attention to using documents from an earlier age,it does not have the conditions to use the early and sophisticated versions of these documents,and most of the versions used are the more corrupted versions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Moreover,when Ancient Proverbs was collecting ballads and proverbs,there were cases that they believed in authoritative classics such as History of Song Dynastyand ignored the more primitive notes of Song Dynasty.These shortcomings affect the accuracy of the text of Ancient Proverbs,and have a negative impact on the understanding of the short and unclear historical facts.When people today study literary collections such as Ancient Proverbs,they should pay attention to identifying the accuracy of the text of literary works with the help of early documents,early editions,and early historical materials that are available today.