迈向包容性:突发公共事件网络舆情风险治理图景

Towards Inclusiveness:The Landscape of Online Public Opinion Risk Governance in Public Emergencies

防范和化解突发公共事件中的网络舆情风险是网络社会和风险社会双重时代背景下需要重视和回应的议题。伪信息扩散风险与非理性表达风险是主要的两类舆情风险,其社会效应、社会危害与可控性等风险属性存在差异。突发公共事件网络舆情风险治理实践包括组织建构回应治理需求、制度安排实现监督提质、媒体融入和技术嵌入推动治理效能,但产生了权力配置失衡的认同困境、双重价值需求的价值困境和阶层交织的对立困境等三重治理困境。基于此,包容性治理为突发公共事件网络舆情风险治理描绘了与治理诉求更适配的治理图景。应构建双向包容理念、多元主体参与、过程互动合作、引导回应方式以及成果利益共享的突发公共事件网络舆情包容性治理模式,通过制度设计、治理过程以及治理策略等三方面的具体路径实现包容性治理。

Preventing and resolving online public opinion risks in public emergencies is an issue that needs attention and response in the context of the dual era of network society and risk society.The risk of dissemination of false information and the risk of irrational expression are the two most important types of public opinion risks.These two types of risk have different risk attributes,such as social effects,social harm,and controllability.The practice of online public opinion risk governance in public emergencies includes organizational construction to respond to governance needs,institutional arrangements to achieve supervision and quality improvement,media integration,and technology embedding to promote governance effectiveness.But there are three governance dilemmas:the identity dilemma of unbalanced power allocation,the value dilemma of dual value demands,and the opposition dilemma of interwoven classes.Therefore,inclusive governance depicts a governance picture that is more suitable for public opinion risk governance in public emergencies.It is necessary to build an inclusive governance model of online public opinion about public emergencies,which includes the concept of two-way inclusiveness,multi-subject participation,process interaction and cooperation,guidance and response methods,and sharing of results and benefits.There are three paths to realize inclusive governance:institutional design,governance process,and governance strategies.