“档案管理方式保管”与“正常业务活动中形成”电子文件证据效力保障:调查与思考

Research on the Guarantee of Evidence Effectiveness of“Kept Through the Method of Archive Management”and“Formed in Normal Business Activities”Electronic Records:Investigation and Reflection

数字时代,电子文件与电子证据互为背景、一体两面。调查以《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第九十四条第一款“档案管理方式保管”与“正常业务活动中形成”两项为审判依据的裁判文书,解读所涉及电子证据的采信依据与未采信原因,指出当前“档案管理方式保管”与“正常业务活动中形成”电子文件证据效力的发挥在“内容覆盖”与“形式规格”方面存在障碍。从全链可控、规范保管、属性转化、多方协同四个方面为实施“司法可认证”的电子文件管理提供建议,包括:多款项形成证明合力,“源头”管控便于审查认定,列明清单助力司法理解,认证指引助推证据采信。以期为机构电子文件证据效力的提升提供有益参考,辅助其合理避免纠纷、应对诉讼风险。

In the digital era,electronic records and electronic evidence are the two sides of the same coin.Based on the judgment documents of Article 94,Paragraph 1 of the amendments to the Several Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Evidence in Civil Proceedings,which are"kept through the method of archive management"and"formed in normal business activities",the research explains the reasons of admissibility and nonadmissibility of the electronic evidence involved,points out the current"kept through the method of archive management"and"formed in normal business activities"electronic records are not as effective as their"content coverage"and"form specification".Then,strategic suggestions for the implementation of"judicially certifiable"electronic records management in four aspects are provided:full chain control,standardized storage,attribute transformation and multi-party coordination.The suggestions are discussed including multi-clauses form a synergy of proofs,control at source facilitates review and determination,a clear list facilitates judicial understanding,and authentication and guidelines promote the admissibility of evidence,with a view to providing useful reference for institutions to enhance the evidence effectiveness of electronic records,and assisting them avoiding disputes and coping with litigation risks.