想象的马基雅维利主义:失真与还原

The Imaginary Machiavellianism: Distortion and Restoration

马基雅维利被当代政治哲学家们视为现代性的起点,却时常悖论式地因其“反现代”的特征而遭排斥。君主专制论者、古典共和主义者、道德相对论者、暴民政治支持者等或古或今的标签使得马基雅维利哲学已然陷入了多重交织的现代想象中。但是,马基雅维利的文本意图却是颇为直白的,为了揭示教权的腐败,他设计了现实主义的君主权力;为了实现法律保障的公共秩序,他极力伸张共和政体下政治德行的持续性;为了防止道德掩饰下贵族毁坏公共秩序,他又伸张了政治行为中公共有效性较之任何意识形态的优先性。马基雅维利在近代以来的失真本身就印证了不择手段的“马基雅维利主义”在阶级统治中的彻底运用,而愈发具有全球普遍性的无产阶级化的生存经历将推动现代“平民”自觉还原客观存在的阶级矛盾及其政治经济前提。

Machiavelli is regarded by modern political philosophers as the starting point of modernity, but paradoxically he has been rejected for his “anti-modern” characteristics——monarchists, classical republican, moral relativist, ochlocracy supporters etc. All these conflicting labels have made Machiavellianism fall into a multiple intertwined modern imagination. However, the intentions of Machiavelli’s philosophy are quite straightforward. In order to reveal the corruption of catholic church,he designed a realistic monarchy;to realize the public order guaranteed by law,he tried to promote the continuation of political virtues under a republican government;to prevent the aristocracy under the cover of moralities from destroying public order,he repeatedly emphasized the priority of public effectiveness over any ideology in political behavior. The modern distortion of Machiavelli itself confirms the thorough application of unscrupulous “Machiavellianism” in capitalist ruling class. The increasingly universal proletarian living experience is promoting the conscious restoration of modern “plebs”of their objectively existing class contradictions and their political and economic prerequisites.