面包还是信仰:印度种姓世俗化与印人党的崛起

The Secularization of the Caste System and the Rise of Bharatiya Janata Party

近年来,关于印度教民族主义的研究成果汗牛充栋,右翼民粹主义被广泛认为是印人党崛起的重要原因。但本文认为,印度教民族主义对印度政党竞争的影响力被普遍高估。印人党之所以能动员起低种姓的选票,主要根源于这些选民在种姓世俗化进程中的政治觉醒,以及印人党对其更高物质追求的满足,而非是印度教民族主义创造的吸引力。成为第一大党后,印人党将掌握更多再分配资源并用以满足低种姓选民的诉求,但同时也面临选民对其经济治理能力的全面考察,及其基本盘内部结构性张力带来的挑战。

In recent years,the rise of Hindu nationalism has been widely regarded as one of the most important reasons behind Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)'s electoral success in India.This paper argues that the impact of Hindu nationalism on BJP's success is over-evaluated,as the key to its victory lies in its rising popularity among the lower castes who suffer from the Hinduism doctrine.It is BJP's welfare strategy that attracts the lower castes'votes,and these new voters'participation in public affairs and their pursuit of better secular life are encouraged by the caste secularization process since the 1990s.As BJP becomes the ruling party,it controls more sources for welfare redistribution,but meanwhile,it also needs to illustrate its governance capability all-roundedly,and face the structural conflicts between its voters old and new.