犹太复国中的城市经济——1919—1936年特拉维夫市的发展

Urban Economy in the Zionist Movement ——The Development of Tel Aviv from 1919 to 1936

19世纪末20世纪初,犹太复国主义者构思了发展现代犹太城市的愿景,特拉维夫率先实践。市长迪森高夫鼓励私人投资与创业,发展城市工商业经济。至20世纪30年代中期,特拉维夫的工商业体系渐趋完善。特拉维夫定期举办国际性的黎凡特博览会以展示伊休夫经济发展的成果。特拉维夫代表了一种城市犹太复国主义的发展路径。评论界对其褒贬不一:赞誉者认为它是民族家园建设的缩影;批评者则指责它是流散地犹太生活的延续。如何建设民族家园,城市犹太复国主义者在传统与革新之间秉持着务实的理念。

In the late 19and early 20centuries, the Zionists conceived the vision of developing modern Jewish cities, and Tel Aviv took the lead in implementing it. Mayor Dizengoff encouraged private investment and entrepreneurship to develop the city’s industrial and commercial economy. By the mid-1930s,Tel Aviv’s industrial and commercial system was gradually improved. Tel Aviv regularly held Levant International Fairs to show the achievement of the economic development of Yishuv. It represented a development path of urban Zionism. Critics had mixed opinions on it: the praisers believed that it was the epitome of the construction of national homeland;the critics accused it of the continuation of Jewish life in the diaspora. How to build a national homeland, urban Zionists upheld a pragmatic concept between tradition and innovation.