朱熹“知止”思想的道德诠释

The Moral Interpretation of Zhu Xi’s Thought of Zhi-zhi

“知止”是《大学》中的重要概念,朱熹围绕着“知止”阐发了诸多思想。“止”的含义在于人之为人的德性根本立足之处。“知止”是对理性知识和德性价值的寻求,对伦理关系内在本质的探求和对作为道德理想的“至善”的追求。“知止”也就是要知“止于至善”。“知止”作为对“至善”的追求,其德性依据在于德之所在、止以成人,人为欲蔽、志失其止,以及学不能尽、止于至善。而“知止”则需要慎独诚意、敬直正心,格物致知、学而有思和知行合一、弘毅坚持的德性实现。“知止”在思想史发展的过程中被赋予了诸多内涵,而在当今它对加强个人修养、成就理想人格,联结人际关系、形成友爱氛围和凝结价值共识、构建和谐社会等方面具有重要意义。

Zhi-zhi(Knowing where to stop) is an important concept in the Da Xue. Zhu Xi expounded many contents around Zhi-zhi. The meaning of “Zhi” lies in the fundamental foothold of man’s virtue. “Zhi-zhi” is the pursuit of rational knowledge and virtue value, the exploration of the internal essence of ethical relations and the pursuit of “supreme good” as a moral ideal. Zhi-zhi is to know “stop at supreme good”. Its reason lies in the place of morality, stop with adults, man-made desire to cover, will to lose its stop, and learning not being exhausted and stopping at the supreme good. If we want to know the best, we need to be cautious and sincere, respect and upright, learn from things, think about learning, integrate knowledge and practice, and adhere to perseverance. Zhi-zhi has been endowed with many connotations in the process of the development of ideological history. Today, it plays an important and positive role in strengthening personal moral cultivation, cultivating moral pursuit and “adult” lover.