作为道德机构的家庭:涂尔干论家庭

Family as the Moral Institution: Durkheim on Family

本文尝试在涂尔干道德科学的视域下系统呈现其家庭论述。面对家庭这一道德机构的现代转型,涂尔干强调捍卫家庭的重要道德功能,以家庭女性主义来回应家庭与婚姻生活所面临的挑战;同时,又揭示了家庭在现代社会生活中的道德功能式微,并寻求以法团和国家作为补救方案。涂尔干的家庭论述鲜明地呈现出对社会团结与个体自主一以贯之的关切,但他调和这两种价值诉求的努力并不总能获得成功,令其论述呈现出复杂性与矛盾性。

This paper attempts to systematically present Durkheim’s family discourse in the context of his moral science. Faced with the modern transformation of family as a moral institution,Durkheim on the one hand defends the important moral function of the family and responds to the challenges faced by family and marriage life with familial feminism;on the other hand, he reveals the decline of the moral function of the family in modern social life, and seeks the remedy of the corporation and the state. Durkheim’s account of the family clearly shows a consistent concern for social solidarity and individual autonomy, however, his efforts to reconcile these two controversial values are not always successful, but to leave a lot of complexity and contradictions.