青海地区牦牛牛支原体核酸检测分析

Nucleic acid detection and analysis of Mycoplasma bovis in yak in Qinghai region

为了解青海地区牦牛牛支原体分子流行情况,本试验采用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法对2018-2019年采集青海地区的636份牦牛鼻拭子进行牛支原体核酸检测,并对不同地区、年份、年龄、性别、饲养模式的牦牛牛支原体核酸检测结果进行统计分析。结果显示,牛支原体的总检出率为21.86%(139/636),牛支原体在青海不同地区(海北州、海南州、西宁市、海西州)牦牛群存在不同程度的流行(0%~44%);2018年11月检出率为18.02%,2019年6月检出率26.37%;雌性检出率(27.84%)高于雄性检出率(18.41%),差异性显著(P<0.05);0~2岁的检出率最高,为22.26%,其次为3~6岁,检出率为19.50%,6~12岁检出率最低,为18.03%,差异性显著(P<0.05);放牧养殖模式下检出率最高(34.00%),其次是集约化养殖模式(22.81%),放牧+圈养养殖模式下检出率最低(17.47%),差异显著(P<0.05)。青海不同地区牦牛牛支原体存在不同程度的流行,不同年龄、性别、饲养模式存在统计学差异。本研究为明确青海地区牦牛牛支原体流行情况,为制定合理的防制措施提供了参考数据。

In order to understand the molecular prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis(M.bovis) in yak in Qinghai, 636 yaks nasal swab samples collected in Qinghai from 2018 to 2019 were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).The M.bovis nucleic acid detection results in yaks were statistically analyzed based on different regions, years, age, sex and feeding patterns.The results indicated that the overall M.bovis detection rate in yak in Qinghai was 21.86%(139/636) and that differenced in the M.bovis prevalence(0%-44%) in yaks in different areas of Qinghai(Haibei Prefecture, Hainan Prefecture, Xining, and Haixi Prefecture).The detection rate of M.bovis in November 2018 and in June 2019 were 18.02% and 26.37%,respectively.It was significantly higher for females(27.84%) than males yak(18.41%)(P<0.05).The yak of 0-2 year old had a higher detection rate(22.26%) than the yak of 3-6(19.50%) and 6-12 year old(18.03%)(P<0.05).The detection rate of M.bovis in yak was higher in grazing mode(34%) than intensive farming system mode(22.81%) and grazing-captive breeding mode(17.47%)(P<0.05).In conclusion, there are varying degrees of prevalence of M.bovis in yaks in different areas of Qinghai, and there are statistical differences in different ages, genders, and feeding patterns.This study provides new data on the prevalence of M.bovis in yak in Qinghai,which will provide reference data for formulating appropriate control strategies for M.bovis infections in this area.