在发展中促进相对平衡:对中国地区发展政策的思考

Development-based Relative Regional Balance:Thought on the Path of China’s Regional Development Policy

中国在2003年之后强化了地区发展政策的力度。地区发展政策已成为中国构建区域经济格局和支持欠发达地区发展的主要政策手段,然而其背后的理论逻辑却缺乏系统的梳理。本文梳理了地区发展政策成败的经济学逻辑,并从局部均衡效应和一般均衡效应两个角度指出评估地区发展政策成败不仅需要更为全面和严谨地考虑其对政策目的地的影响,还应考虑其对其他地区的影响以及对整体经济效率的作用。此外,本文也从更为广泛的视角分析了地区发展政策的公平含义,指出地区发展政策并不能作为促进人均意义上的公平的主要手段。基于以上分析,本文指出,在发展中促进相对平衡的地区发展政策应在全国和地区层面进一步利用集聚经济效应的同时,通过促进人口流动和精准帮扶缺乏流动性的人群来促进人均意义上的相对平衡。

China has strengthened its regional development policies after 2003.Regional development policies have become the main policy instrument for China to build a rational regional economic pattern and support the development of underdeveloped regions.However,systematic analysis and summarization of the theoretical rationale behind China’s regional development policies remain inadequate.This article summarizes the economic logic of the success and failure of regional development policies,and argues,from both the partial equilibrium effect perspective and the general equilibrium effect perspective,that the evaluation of the effectiveness of regional development policies should be based not only on their impact on targeted regions,but also on their impact on other non-targeted regions and the overall economic efficiency.The article also analyzes,from a broader perspective,the equality of regional development policies,and points out that they should not be used as the main policy tool to pursue regional equality in per capita terms.Based on the above analyses,it points out that in implementing its regional development policies aiming to promote development-based relative balance,China should further utilize the agglomeration effect at the national and regional levels,and,at the same time,promote population mobility and provide targeted support for those who feel it difficult to migrate to other regions,to promote a relative balance in per capita terms.