无机填料在生物可降解塑料改性的应用进展

Application Progress of Inorganic Fillers in Modification of Biodegradable Plastics

生物可降解塑料在实际应用时需要进行适当的改性,以提高其性能并降低成本。无机填料具有耐热性、可降解性及来源广泛等优点,可用于改性生物可降解塑料。无机填料与塑料基体极性差异较大,存在相容性的问题,不同种类的无机填料对生物可降解塑料的改性效果不同。文章概述常用的无机填料如滑石粉、碳酸钙、玻璃纤维等改性生物可降解塑料的研究进展,总结改性方法和作用机理。介绍生物可降解塑料在农业、食品包装、生物医药等领域的应用,对无机填料改性研究存在的问题进行分析。研究表明:无机填料对生物可降解塑料具有一定的成核效果,可显著改善生物可降解塑料的力学强度,使用时需注意无机填料的分散效果,此外,还需关注生物可降解塑料中无机填料的食品安全性。

Biodegradable plastics need to be appropriately modified in practical applications to improve their performance and reduce costs.Inorganic fillers have the advantages of heat resistance,degradability and wide sources,and can be used to modify biodegradable plastics.The polarity of inorganic fillers and plastic matrix is quite different,and there is a problem of compatibility.Different kinds of inorganic fillers have different modification effects on biodegradable plastics.The research progress of commonly used inorganic fillers such as talcum powder,calcium carbonate,glass fiber and other modified biodegradable plastics is summarized,and the modification methods and mechanism are summarized.The application of biodegradable plastics in agriculture,food packaging,biomedicine and other fields is introduced.The problems in modification of inorganic fillers are analyzed.The research show that inorganic fillers have a certain nucleation effect on biodegradable plastics,which can significantly improve the mechanical strength of biodegradable plastics.Attention should be paid to the dispersion effect of inorganic fillers when using them.In addition,attention should be paid to the food safety of inorganic fillers in biodegradable plastics.