论自动驾驶车辆交通肇事中生产者的过失责任

Producer’s Liability for Negligence in Traffic Accidents Caused by Autonomous Vehicles

自动驾驶技术与传统刑法碰撞而产生的一系列法律问题引发了刑法学界的关注。自动驾驶车辆生产者作为技术集中者,其刑事责任尤其是过失犯罪的刑事责任,应当作为核心问题展开讨论。在法不允许之风险的制造中,生产者需要遵守相应的注意规范,但为了社会的发展亦应允许一定的技术风险存在;在法不允许之风险的实现过程中,结合合义务替代行为与风险升高理论对生产者进行合理归责;再通过注意义务的限度进一步判断生产者过失责任范围。

A series of legal problems caused by the collision between automatic driving technology and traditional criminal law have aroused the attention of criminal law scholars.As a technology concentrator,the criminal responsibility of autonomous vehicle producers,especially the criminal responsibility of negligent crime,should be discussed as the core issue.In the manufacture of risks not allowed by law,producers need to abide by the corresponding attention norms,but for the development of society,certain technical risks should also be allowed;In the process of realizing the risk that is not allowed by law,we should reasonably attribute the responsibility of producers in combination with the substitution behavior of compliance obligation and the theory of risk rise;Then the scope of producer's liability for negligence is further judged by the limit of duty of care.