上海地区水产养殖环境及非药品类渔药投入品中农兽药的污染特征及风险评估

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of pesticides and veterinary drugs in aquaculture environment and non-drugs fishery inputs in Shanghai,China

为了解水产养殖环境及非药品类渔药投入品中的农兽药的污染特征和生态风险,本研究采用超高压液相色谱-静电场轨道离子阱质谱分析方法对上海地区27家主要水产养殖场中养殖水体、底泥以及正使用的非药品类渔药投入品进行农兽药残留分析,运用风险商值(RQ)法对筛查结果进行生态风险评估。结果表明:27家养殖场的180个样品(水体27个、底泥43个、投入品110个)中共筛查出13种药物,包括兽药9种(金刚烷胺、地西泮、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、加替沙星、甲氧苄啶,阿维菌素B1a、红霉素、培氟沙星)和农药4种(多菌灵、扑草净、西草净、乙氧喹啉)。水体中筛出9种70个药物,底泥中筛出6种93个药物,投入品中筛出7种37个药物,其中多菌灵、恩诺沙星、甲氧苄啶药物在3类样品中均存在。水体、底泥、非药品类渔药投入品中筛出药物的浓度范围分别为6.00×10^(-3)~1.88、1.47~292、9.68~1.39×10^(5)μg·kg^(-1)。风险商值评价结果显示,水产养殖场水体与底泥样品中农兽药均存在一定程度的中高风险,其中水体中扑草净生态风险最高,RQ值为3.14,底泥中红霉素生态风险最高,RQ值为2.22,两种药物RQ值均大于1,表现为高风险。建议加强对农兽药,尤其是非药品类渔药投入品等产品全链条的监管与控制,以保护水产养殖生态系统的健康。

To understand the pollution characteristics and ecological risks of pesticides and veterinary drugs in aquaculture environment and non-drugs fishery inputs,the residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs in aquaculture water,sediment,and non-drugs fishery inputs in Shanghai were analyzed using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography electrostatic field orbital ion trap mass spectrometry.The risk quotient(RQ)method was used to evaluate the ecological risk of the screening results.The results showed that a total of 13 drugs were screened from 180 samples(27 waters,43 sediments,and 110 inputs)from 27 farms;they include nine veterinary drugs(amantadine,diazepam,enrofloxacin,florfenicol,gatifloxacin,trimethoprim,avermectin B1a,erythromycin,and pefloxacin)and four types of pesticides(carbendazim,prometrazine,simetryne,and ethoxyquin)were included.Nine types of 70 drugs were screened from the water,six types of 93 drugs were screened from the sediment,and seven types of 37 drugs were screened from the input.Carbendazim,enrofloxacin,and trimethoprim were all present in the three types of samples.The range of the concentration of drugs screened from water,sediment,and non-drugs fishery inputs was 6.00×10^(-3)~1.88,1.47~292μg·kg^(-1),and 9.68~1.39×10^(5)μg·kg^(-1),respectively.The results of risk quotient evaluation showed that pesticides and veterinary drugs in the water and sediment samples of aquaculture farms have a certain degree of medium and high risk.Among them,prometrazine in the water had the highest ecological risk,with an RQ value of 3.14,and erythromycin in the sediment had the highest ecological risk,with an RQ value of 2.22.The RQ values of the two drugs exceed 1,indicating high risk.These results suggest that the supervision and control of the whole chain of pesticides and veterinary drugs,especially from non-drugs fishery inputs,need to be strengthened to protect the health of aquaculture ecosystem.