“双碳”目标下城市能源系统的形态结构和发展路径

Morphological Structure and Development Path of Urban Energy System for Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality

随着“双碳”目标的提出,能源行业已经成为绿色低碳转型发展的中心环节和碳减排的核心。作为综合能源系统中承上启下的关键一环,城市能源系统(UES)的生产、传输和消费环节正在发生深刻的变化,分别体现为分布式能源大规模接入、电力电子设备广泛应用和可控负荷推广使用。从UES的形态结构出发,剖析了UES源荷界限模糊、网络潮流双向化的多能耦合的功能结构和层级分布的空间结构,阐明了UES开放互联互惠、能源交通一体化发展和信息物理高度融合的典型特征;进而详细讨论了UES协同规划和优化运行两个关键问题;最后,从一次能源供给、二次能源转换、终端能源消费和碳移除等4个环节对UES的发展路径进行了展望。

With the proposal of“carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality”in China,the energy industry has become the central link of transition to green and low-carbon development and the core of carbon emission reduction.As the key link connecting the preceding and the following of the integrated energy system,the urban energy system(UES)is undergoing profound changes in the production,transmission,and consumption links,which are reflected in the large-scale integration of distributed energy resource,the wide application of power electronic equipment,and the promotion and use of controllable loads,respectively.Starting from the morphological structure of the UES,this paper analyzes its multi-energy coupling functional structure with fuzzy source-load boundary and bidirectional network flow,and hierarchical spatial structure.Its typical characteristics such as openness,interconnection,mutual benefit,integrated development of energy and transportation systems,and deep cyber-physical fusion are expounded.Furthermore,two key issues,i.e.coordinated planning and optimal operation of the UES,are discussed in detail.Finally,the development path of the UES prospects from four links,including primary energy supply,secondary energy conversion,final energy consumption,and carbon removal is prospected.