木材细胞壁纳米技术研究进展与展望

Research advances and prospect of wood cell wall nanotechnology

木材是一种环保、可再生的天然生物质材料,面对日益严峻的环境污染和能源枯竭,木材作为一种负碳材料展现出巨大的发展潜力。木材细胞中的细胞壁作为实体结构与木材的性能密切相关,随着纳米技术和木材科学的发展,人们对木材细胞壁的超分子构造和组分间互作机制的认识越来越深入,木材细胞壁纳米技术逐渐成为木材科学研究的热点。简述了木材细胞壁的多尺度层级结构、组分间相互作用及次生壁聚集体薄层的研究现状,从细胞壁组分、纤维素聚集态、孔隙结构、细胞形态、组织形态等方面综述了细胞壁纳米技术的调控机制,概述了木材及其衍生材料在通用建材、轻质结构材料、环境修复、能源存储与转化、纳米离子流体输导及光热管理等领域的应用。最后,针对目前研究的局限性及存在问题,在结构解译、调控技术、表征手段、学科融合、国家政策等方面对木材细胞壁纳米技术未来发展趋势进行展望,以期为实现木材的高值开发与创新利用提供理论支撑,推进我国生物经济高质量发展。

Wood is an environmentally friendly and renewable natural biomass material.In the fact of increasingly severe environmental pollution and energy depletion,as a negative carbon material,wood shows great potential to be developed as a future-oriented building material.Wood is a well-structured natural material whose layered structure and anisotropy provide it with unique properties.The cell wall is the physical substance of wood.As a structure that can carry out metabolic activities,the synthesis,assembly,deposition and physicochemical properties of each component of the wood cell wall determine the corresponding functional properties of the cell wall.With the development of nanoscience and wood molecular biology,people have a deeper understanding of the supramolecular structure of wood cell walls and the interaction mechanism between components.Wood cell wall nanotechnology has gradually become a hot spot in wood scientific research.The multi-scale hierarchical structure of wood cell wall,the interaction between components and the research status of secondary wall aggregate lamella are reviewed,and the regulation mechanism of cell wall nanotechnology is summarized from five aspects:the cell wall composition,cellulose aggregation,pore structure,cell morphology and tissue morphology.The applications of wood and its derivatives in general building mate-rials,lightweight structural materials,environmental remediation,energy storage and transformation,nanoionics and nanofluidics,optical applications and thermal management are summarized.The limitations and existing problems of the current research are analyzed.Due to the limitation of characterization methods,the supramolecular structure of wood is not clear enough,and the unique structure of wood has not been fully developed and utilized.Although new methods for the regulation of wood structure have been explored,the precise regulation technology at the supramolecular structure and molecular scale is limited,and the non-covalent bond assembly and dynamic response have not been systematically established.Finally,the future development trend of wood cell wall nanotechnology is prospected in terms of structural interpretation,regulation technology,characterization methods,discipline integration,and national policies,in order to provide theoretical support for realizing high-value development and utilization of innovative wood,promoting the high-quality development of Chinese bio-economy,and achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.