中国“技术”概念的历史演进与当代启示

Historical Evolution and Contemporary Enlightenment of the Concept of “Technology” in China

中国“技术”概念的演进可按历史时期略分为传统、近代和当下三个阶段。传统的“技术”概念是非对应的和多元的,具有技能与技艺、方技与术数两种理解方式,并构建起“技”与“道”的内在关系。近代的“技术”概念是外来的和产业的,受日式译词影响而旧词添新义,蕴含着从古典到现代、从地方到普遍、从理念到实体的意义转折。当下的“技术”概念是科学化的和泛在的,科学技术一体化的态势和“科技”概念的流行皆为证明。分析“技术”概念在中国的演进历程,既可梳理出工匠技术、产业技术与科学化技术的线索,又愈来愈指向广义技术的见解,还有助于思考中国近现代技术(科技)思想史的分期问题,促进中国技术哲学的新时代发展。

The evolution of the concept of “technology” in China can be divided into three stages:traditional,modern and current.The traditional concept of “technology” is non corresponding and pluralistic.It has two ways of understanding:skills and arts,prescription and divination,and constructs the internal relationship between “Ji” and “Tao”.The modern concept of “technology” is foreign and industrial.Influenced by Japanese translation,the old words add new meaning,which contains the meaning transition from classical to modern,from local to universal,and from concept to entity.The current concept of “technology” is scientific and ubiquitous,which is proved by the trend of science and technology integration and the popularity of the concept of “scitech”.By analyzing the evolution of the concept of “technology” in China,we can not only sort out the clues of craftsmanship technology,industrial technology and scientific technology,but also point to the views of broad technology.It is also helpful to think about the stages of history of Chinese modern technology (scitech) thought and promote the development of Chinese philosophy of technology in a new era.