论利用信息网络侵害人身权益中人格权禁令的适用

On the Application of the Injunction for the Protection of Personality Rights in Using Information Network to Infringe Personal Rights and Interests

利用信息网络侵害人身权益行为系融合网络元素异化出的典型人格权侵权行为,包括损害后果实时型与损害后果非实时型。人格权禁令的引入为我国快速及时制止利用信息网络侵害人身权益行为创新了渠道,但《民法典》第997条关于人格权禁令的表述较为抽象,且未制定配套司法解释,致使该制度存在适用困境。基于此,针对该行为适用人格权禁令时,应明确申请主体一般应限定为权利主体本人,仅存在特殊事由时才能扩展至近亲属、法定代理人等民事主体;应明确人格权禁令与避风港规制没有先后适用顺序;在胜诉可能性和难以弥补的损害的认定上,应适用区别于普通侵害人格权案件的特殊审核标准;裁定生效的人格权禁令不会终局性地确定各方权利义务关系。

The use of information network to infringe personal rights and interests is a typical personality right infringement that is alienated by integrating network elements,including real-time damage consequences and non-real-time damage consequences.The introduction of the injunction for the protection of personality rights has created an innovative channel for China to quickly and promptly stop the use of information networks to infringe on personal rights and interests.However,Article 997 of the“Civil Code”has a relatively abstract expression on the injunction for the protection of personality rights,and no supporting judicial interpretation has been formulated,resulting in the existence of this system predicament.Based on the above,when applying the injunction for the protection of personality rights to online infringements,it should be clarified that the applicant should generally be limited to the subject of the right,and can only be extended to civil subjects such as close relatives and legal agents when there are special reasons;it should be clarified that there is no sequence of application of the injunction for the protection of personality rights and safe haven regulations;the determination of the possibility of success and irreparable damage should be applied to special review standards that are different from ordinary cases of infringement of personality rights;the injunction for the protection of personality rights that is ruled in effect will not ultimately determine the rights and obligations of all parties.