胡宏体用视域下的心与性为一抑或为二之歧见辨驳

A Discrimination on Hu Hong’s View That the Mind and Nature Is a Unity or a Conjugate

胡宏哲学的核心在于其心性论,而关于其心性关系的认识却存在为二与为一之歧见。这些不同的看法直接影响胡宏哲学精神之真实显现、哲学思想之圆融与否以及其哲学地位的认定。朱子从其己丑之悟后的心性情三分格局出发视胡宏之性与心二分,导致其对胡宏之学形成了诸多误解,以至于胡宏之学长久无人问津。牟宗三先生独具慧眼,从胡宏之学的道德实践本质出发,反对朱子对胡宏心性关系的认识,阐胡宏之学心性为一之旨,主张心体即为性体,引起了学界的广泛关注。现学界对胡宏之学的研究在牟宗三先生的研究上继续向前推进,纷纷从本体论的视角主张胡宏之学为性本或心本,致使胡宏之心性又分而为二,造成在解释胡宏之学时理论和实践不圆融的两难局面。此种现状的改变有赖于重新审视胡宏之学的心性关系,以体用诠释模式为突破口,明确胡宏之学不能简单地归约为性本或心本,而应当以兼括体用的“道体”称之。

The core of Hu Hong’s philosophy lies in his theory of mind and nature,but there is a difference between a unity and a conjugate in his understanding of the relationship between mind and nature.These different views are directly related to whether Hu Hong’s philosophical spirit can really take into form,to whether his philosophical thoughts are harmonious or not,and to his philosophical status.Chu Hsi’s stand at the three-dimensional pattern of heart,temperament and emotion,which regarded Hu Hong’s nature and heart as two-dimensional pattern(a conjugate),led to many misunderstandings about Hu Hong’s theory so that Hu Hong’s theory was ignored for a very long time.However,Mou Zongsan put forward a unique perspective:starting from the essence of moral practice of Hu Hong’s learning,he opposed Chu Hsi’s understanding of Hu Hong’s relationship between heart and nature and explained Hu Hong’purpose of unity of heart and nature,which has aroused widespread concern in the academic circles.On the surface,the current academic research on Hu Hong’s philosophical ideas continues to advance on Mou Zongsan’s research.In fact,from the perspective of ontology,the current academic studies claim that Hu Hong’s theory is based on nature or mind,dividing nature and mind in Hu Hong’s theory and resulting in a dilemma between theory and practice in explaining his theory.The change of this situation depends on re-examining the relationship between mind and nature in Hu Hong’s theory,making it clear that Hu Hong’s theory can not be simply reduced to the nature or the heart,but must be called“Tao”which include both“Body”(Ti)and“Use”(Yong).