弱人工智能视域下对马克思劳动价值论的再阐释

Re-interpretation of Labor Theory of Value from the Perspective of Weak Artificial Intelligence

随着科学技术的不断发展,人工智能正在不断参与并建构着现代人的日常生活。劳动价值论作为马克思主义政治经济学中对价值问题的重要讨论,它强调人类劳动在价值创造过程中所发挥的重要作用,而弱人工智能参与生产的关键特征在于将人类劳动排除在具体的生产环节之外,这使得劳动价值论的经典阐释与弱人工智能的生产现状发生断裂,从而引发人们对马克思的劳动价值论在当代社会的适应性问题产生质疑。要对上述质疑进行回应就需要重新审视劳动价值论的理论内涵以及在人工智能时代的发展。对经典劳动价值论的再阐释工作将通过下述环节展开:首先,尝试建构一条对人工智能的阐释路径,对人工智能的定义、发展分期以及当前弱人工智能的发展问题作出说明;其次,指出马克思的经典劳动价值论对弱人工智能参与的各类生产活动(物质与非物质领域)解释不足的问题,进而通过对将弱人工智能看作一种特殊的劳动者的合理性的分析以激发劳动价值论在弱人工智能时代的效度问题;最后,简要阐明弱人工智能作为一种特殊的劳动者可能涉及的伦理道德争议。

With the continuous development of science and technology, artificial intelligence is constantly participating in and constructing the daily life of modern people. As an important discussion of value issues in Marxist political economy, labor theory of value emphasizes the important role played by human labor in the process of value creation. The key feature of weak artificial intelligence production activities lies in excluding human labor from specific production links, which breaks the classical interpretation of labor theory of value and the production status of weak artificial intelligence, thus causing us to question the adaptability of Marx’s labor theory of value in contemporary society. To answer the above questions, it is necessary to re-examine the theoretical connotation of labor theory of value and its development in the era of artificial intelligence. The re-interpretation of classical labor theory of value should be carried out through the following links: firstly, we should try to construct an interpretation path of artificial intelligence, and explain the definition, development stages and the current development problems of weak artificial intelligence;secondly, it is pointed out that Marx’s classical labor theory of value is insufficient in explaining all kinds of production activities(material and immaterial fields) in which weak artificial intelligence participates, and then it stimulates the validity of labor theory of value in the era of weak artificial intelligence by analyzing the rationality of treating weak artificial intelligence as a special kind of worker. Finally, it briefly expounds the ethical disputes that weak artificial intelligence as a special kind of worker may involve.