加拿大北极群岛区域海洋环流及水文特征变化及其影响因素研究进展

Variations in circulation and hydrological characteristics of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: A review

作为北冰洋淡水输出的重要通道,加拿大北极群岛的海洋环流及水文特征变化会对其下游及北大西洋地区的海洋环境、生态系统等产生深远影响。此外,加拿大北极群岛内的西北航道海况变化也会对未来北极通航规划与安全保障起到关键作用。然而,由于地理特征的复杂性和气候条件的限制,目前对于加拿大北极群岛海洋环流和水文变化的认识还存在明显不足。本文梳理了目前国内外有关加拿大北极群岛海水体积通量、淡水通量、热通量、温盐结构和环流特征等主要方面的相关研究,分析并总结了影响这些变化的主要因素和控制机理,包括海表面高度、风应力、大气压力和密度分布等因素,并在前人研究的基础上对未来需要关注的重点研究问题予以展望。

The Canadian Arctic Archipelago is an important passage for the outflows from the Arctic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean. The variations in the hydrological characteristics and circulation of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago have profound impacts on the marine environment and ecosystems downstream and in the North Atlantic Ocean. Sea ice variability in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago plays a key role in the future security and navigation of the Northwest Passage. The Canadian Arctic Archipelago is a complex region;there is insufficient understanding of the variations in its hydrological characteristics and circulation. In this paper, we review the current research on the volume transport, freshwater transport, heat transport, thermohaline structures, and circulation patterns in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. We analyze and summarize the main factors and control mechanisms determining the variations;these include sea surface height, wind stress, air pressure, and density distribution. We highlight key issues for future research on the basis of existing studies.