北极冰间湖时空变化过程及其形成机制研究进展

Processes underlying the formation and temporal and spatial variability of Arctic polynyas: A review

在北极气候快速变化的背景下,北极冰间湖作为北极最活跃的区域,其产生和维持以及该区域结冰析盐过程对北极地区的水文环境、海洋生物的生存和发展以及北极航道路线的选择等产生深远的影响。然而,现有的研究对北极各冰间湖形成的位置、大小和时间等变化缺乏较为细致的研究,且对各冰间湖具体形成因素以及影响其变化的机制研究不足,国内对于北极冰间湖时空变化过程及形成机制的系统性介绍及概述较少。因此,本文梳理了目前国内外关于北极冰间湖的研究方法、时空变化过程和形成机制等方面的研究进展,总结了北极冰间湖在北极区域的综合作用与影响,阐述了影响北极冰间湖变化的热力学与动力学因素,并在前人研究的基础上对目前冰间湖研究中亟待解决的问题和目标进行展望。

Arctic climate is undergoing rapid changes. In the Arctic Ocean, polynyas are the areas with the highest level of activity. The formation and maintenance of polynyas, sea ice formation, and subsequent brine rejection can have profound impacts on the hydrological environment, the survival and development of marine life, and the viability of Arctic shipping routes. However, there is insufficient information on the variability of the location, size, and timing of Arctic polynyas and on the factors and mechanisms that drive and maintain polynyas. There are few Chinese reviews that focus on the processes underlying the formation and the temporal and spatial variations of Arctic polynyas. Therefore, in this paper, we provide an overview of existing studies, and outline current research methods and results with regard to formation mechanisms and processes underlying the temporal and spatial variations. We provide a summary of the effects of polynyas on the Arctic region and the thermodynamic and dynamic factors that influence polynya variation. We highlight prospects for future research on the basis of existing studies.