人工智能时代大学生应对变革的能力——基于互联网招聘信息的研究

On University Students’ Abilities in Ara of AI——Data from Internet Recruitment Information

人工智能时代劳动力市场需求变革,要求基于真实场景精准把握变革特征与趋势,为大学生能力培育和充分就业提供依据。对31个省份5.6万余条用人单位互联网招聘信息的扎根理论研究结果显示:劳动力市场2大维度大学生能力需求框架中,非认知能力需求度远高于认知能力。人工智能替代风险程度低的行业更注重大学生能力需求,对非认知能力需求更高;中西部地区低风险行业比东部地区更注重非认知能力需求;中低风险行业对认知能力的学习反思能力和推理分析能力需求度较高,对非认知能力的沟通协作能力和职业道德与精神需求程度较高。研究结果一定程度验证了人工智能对大学生在劳动力市场就业的替代效应、协作效应和溢出效应。

In the context of the high speed development of AI(artificial intelligence), the demand of the labor market for the abilities of university students has changed. It is necessary to accurately grasp the characteristics and trends of the change based on the real scene, so as to provide a basis for the cultivation and improvement of university students’ abilities. This study takes the recruitment information published by employers on the internet as the research object, anduses grounded research to mine and sort out more than 56000 recruitment information from 31 provinces in China. The results show that the structural framework of China’s labor market’s abilities demand for university students consists of two dimensions: cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability, as well as eleven core abilities, of which the demand for non-cognitive ability is much higher than cognitive ability. Industries are divided according to the risk degree of labor force being replaced by AI. In low-risk industries, the labor market pays more attention to the ability needs of college students, and the industries with lower risk degree have higher demand for non-cognitive ability. The eastern, central and western regions are basically consistent with the overall situation of the country, but the low-risk industries in the central and western regions pay more attention to the demand for non-cognitive ability than the eastern regions. Specifically, the middle-risk and low-risk industries have a high demand for the learning reflection ability and reasoning and analysis ability in the cognitive ability of university students, and a high demand for the communication and cooperation ability, professional ethics and spirit in the non-cognitive ability. The above conclusions verify the substitution effect, cooperation effect and spillover effect of artificial intelligence on university students’ employment in the labor market to a certain extent.