援儒习医:关于元代儒士习医的多面向考察

Confucianism Being Referred in Studying Medicine:A Multifaceted Investigation of The Confucian Scholar Studying Medicine in Yuan Dynasty

儒医作为一个亦儒亦医的群体,赋予了中医更为丰富的文化内涵,儒医的养成,则是历史与现实、制度与文化交互作用的结果。元代儒医群体的扩大既植根于身处乱世而力求保全家族的历史背景,也与济世救人、不仕新朝这样的个人情操有关。部分儒士选择习医则是为了保身孝亲,抑或因至亲死于庸医之手而决心专研医学。而科考废罢入仕不能,加之“良医良相”说的引导以及儒士对于中医文化的认同与接受则促使广大儒士纷纷选择以医行道。总的看来,元代儒士习医的多种面向正体现了儒医复杂且深厚的历史底蕴,而这些因素也为当代的儒医研究提供了更为丰富的参考依据。

With double identities of Confucian scholar as well as physician,Confucian physician has endowed Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)with richer cultural connotations.The cultivation of Confucian physician is the result of the interaction between history and reality,institution and culture.The expansion of the Confucian physician group in the Yuan Dynasty was rooted in the historical background of being in troubled times and striving to protect the family.It was also related to the personal sentiments of saving life or unwillingness of serving the new monarch.Some Confucian scholars chose to study medicine to protect themselves or out of filial piety,while some decided to specialize in medicine because their loved ones died in the hands of quacks.They were determined to make achievement in medicine,which also owed to the abolishment of imperial examination,the influence of the legend"to be a prime minister or to be a physician",as well as their recognition and acceptance to the culture of TCM.In general,multifaceted situations of Confucian scholar studying medicine in the Yuan Dynasty reflected the complex and profound historical background of Confucian physician,these elements also provide rich references for the contemporary research of Confucian physician.