套种中草药对油茶幼林生长的影响及效益分析

Effect of interplanting Chinese medicinal herb on the growth of young Camellia oleifera forest and benefit analysis

为研究油茶幼林套种中草药的效应,选用郁金、粉防己、石菖蒲、千斤拔等4种中草药,在3年生油茶幼林林地中开展套种试验。调查分析套种不同中草药对油茶幼林树体生长、林地养分、土壤温度、水分含量及经济收益状况的影响。结果表明,油茶幼林套种不同中草药后,地径、树高与冠幅面积平均比CK分别高19.77%、15.53%、52.60%;土壤的肥力均得到改善,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效钾分别增加331.42%、160.21%、58.16%、235.55%、105.38%、129.25%;幼林套种均可降低土壤温度,套种郁金与粉防己的0~10 cm层土壤温度比CK的低2.30℃~3.18℃、10~20 cm层土壤温度比CK的低1.81℃~2.08℃、20~30 cm层土壤温度比CK的低0.26℃~0.39℃;套种郁金可提高表层土壤含水量,比CK增加64.74%;套种中草药后可获得不同的经济收益,套种4种中草药每年平均收益可达7.63万元·hm^(-2),投入产出比为1∶3.848。因此,油茶幼林地套种中草药可促进油茶树体生长发育,创造良好生境,增加良好的收益;以套种郁金综合效应最佳,套种粉防己经济收益最高。研究结果可为油茶幼林科学套种中草药提供理论与生产依据。

In order to study the effect of interplanting Chinese medicinal herb in young Camellia oleifera forest,four kinds of Chinese medicinal herb,such as Curcuma aromatica,Stephania tetrandra,Acorus calamus and Flemingia prostrata,were selected to carry out interplanting experiments in 3-year-old young C.oleifera forest.The effects of interplanting different Chinese medicinal herb on the growth,forest nutrient,soil temperature,water content and economic benefits of young C.oleifera forest were investigated.The results showed that the ground diameter,tree height and crown area of young C.oleifera forest interplanted with different Chinese medicinal herb were 19.77%,15.53%and 52.60%higher than those of CK,respectively.Soil fertility was improved,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen and available potassium increased by 331.42%,160.21%,58.16%,235.55%,105.38%and 129.25%,respectively.The interplanting of young forest could reduce the soil temperature.The 0~10 cm soil temperature of interplanting tulip and powdery mildew was 2.30℃~3.18℃lower than that of CK,the 10~20 cm soil temperature was 1.81℃~2.08℃lower than that of CK,and the 20~30 cm soil temperature was 0.26℃~0.39℃lower than that of CK.Interplanting Curcuma aromatica could increase the surface soil water content by 64.74%compared with CK.After interplanting Chinese medicinal herb,different economic benefits can be obtained.The average annual income of the four kinds of Chinese herbal medicine interplanting can reach 76,300 yuan per hectare,and the input-output ratio is 1∶3.848.Therefore,interplanting Chinese medicinal herb in young C.oleifera forest can promote the growth and development of C.oleifera,create good habitat and increase good income;Interplanting C.aromatica has the best comprehensive effect,and interplanting S.tetrandra has the highest economic benefit.The research results can provide theoretical and production basis for scientific interplanting Chinese medicinal herb in young C.oleifera forest.