新时代民生保障法治中的“弱有所扶”原则

Helping the Weak in the Rule of Law for Social Welfare Assistance Principle in the New Era

“弱有所扶”是习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中首次提出的民生保障的重要原则,体现了习近平法治思想对弱者的重视与关爱。“弱有所扶”中的“弱”,可从生理上、机会上、能力上、境遇上等多个层面来进行类型化的分析,表明弱者的存在既有必然性,又有多样性。“弱有所扶”之所以能够成为新时代指导民生保障法治建构的基本原则,是因为“弱有所扶”体现了我国法律制度以保障人们生存、生活为根本目的,彰显了社会公平正义的价值追求,同时又是袪除不利的自然、社会因素对人们产生负面影响的基本准则。在“弱有所扶”的权利配置上,生存权、劳动权、教育权是三项最为基本的权能类型。

“Helping the weak”is the very principle of the rule of law for social welfare assistance first raised by President Xi Jinping in the report of the 19t h National Congress of the Communist Party of China,reflecting the importance that the Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law attaches to the weak.Analysing the weak from aspects of physiology,opportunity,ability,and situation shows that the existence of the weak is both inevitable and diverse.The reason why“helping the weak”could become the basic principle to guide the construction of the rule of law for social welfare assistance is that it reflects the fundamental purpose of the legal system,which is to protect people’s survival,and demonstrates the value of social justice.It also consists of a basic principle of eliminating unfavorable natural and social factors that affect people.In terms of the connotation of‘helping the weak’,the right to survive,the right to work,and the right to education are the three most basic types of rights.