从汽车化社会的功与过谈城市交通世界新潮流

New Frontiers for Urban Transportation System in Response to Advantages and Disadvantages of Motorized Society

自1908年福特T型车问世以来,汽车进入大量生产、大量消费的时代,开启了汽车化社会的新纪元。汽车在造福人类社会的同时,也产生了一系列负面影响,如交通拥堵、交通事故和交通碳排放等,这些问题制约了社会经济的可持续发展。在此背景下,世界各国都在探索城市交通的可持续发展道路,城市交通系统正在发生着深刻变革。本文在总结汽车化社会的“功”的同时,通过大量实证数据,从多方面剖析汽车化社会的“过”,并介绍为应对汽车化社会的各种挑战而出现的城市交通新潮流,如共享出行、小交通、公交导向的城市发展和交通出行服务,以及相关政策机制和商业模式,最后给出了可供我国参考的若干启示,旨在为借鉴世界各国发展经验制定符合我国国情的城市交通可持续发展战略提供参考。

Since the advent of Ford′s Model T in 1908, the automobile has entered the era of mass production and mass consumption, unlocking a new era of motorized society. While having benefited human society, automobile has also caused a series of negative impacts, such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents and emissions, which restrict the sustainable economic development. In this context, countries all over the world are exploring the sustainable urban transportation development strategies, and urban transportation system is undergoing profound changes. This paper tries to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of motorized society based on a number of quantitative researches and then describes the world-wide new trends for urban transportation system, addressing the negative impacts of motorized society. Those trends include ride-sharing, micromobility, TOD(Transit Oriented Development) and MaaS(Mobility as a Service). The paper also reveals the policy design and business models related with the new trends,and concludes with a few implications for China. The research is significant for learning from other countries to formulate the sustainable urban transportation development strategy for China.