日本江户时代后期大名权力演进及其影响——以德岛藩为中心的考察

The Evolution and Influence of Daimyo’s Power in the Late Edo Period of Japan:Taking the Tokushima Han as an Example

宽永期(1624—1643)以降,随着“家老合议制”在各藩的确立和发展,江户时代前期乾纲独断的大名逐渐远离藩政,最终造成“家老专权”的政治局面。18世纪后半期以后,严重的财政危机和阶级矛盾的激化,使得江户时代后期出现一个藩政改革的热潮,涌现出了一批致力于政治改革,被后世誉为“明君”的大名。在这一过程中,诸多藩产生了藩主和家老间的权力博弈。以德岛藩第十一代藩主蜂须贺治昭为例来看,此时没有任何权力基础的大名仅凭一己之力,难以从门阀家老层手中夺回藩政主导权并领导改革。

Since the Kanei period(1624-1643),with the establishment and development of the’karous collegiate’within the han system,the daimyo who was arbitrarily involved in the early Edo period of Japan was gradually kept away from the han government,which eventually led to the political situation of the karous.Since the second half of the 18^(th) century,the severe financial crisis and the intensification of class contradictions led to an upsurge in the reform of the han in the Japanese history.Consequently,there emerged a group of daimyos who were hailed as’Mingjun’(wise ruler)by later generations.In this process,many power games arose between daimyo and karous.