工业机器人应用与服务业结构升级

Industrial Robots and Upgrading of Service Industry Structure

基于城市面板数据,以行业分类方法检验了工业机器人应用对中国服务业结构升级的影响。研究发现:工业机器人因与高技能劳动互补而存在促进服务业结构升级的正向“服务需求效应”;与低技能劳动替代而存在负向的“就业转移效应”;在正负两种效应的相互抵消下,工业机器人对整体的服务业结构升级作用不明显;地区高等教育强度的提高既有利于增强工业机器人的“服务需求效应”,也有利于减弱其“就业转移效应”,使教育强度与机器人交互促进服务业结构升级。因此建议:具有较高机器人渗透率而较低教育强度的城市适度扩张高等教育规模,以实现智能化背景下的服务业结构高级化发展。

Based on urban panel data, this paper examines the impact of industrial robot application on the structural upgrading of China’s service industry by industry classification method. Results show that industrial robots have positive "service demand effect" on upgrading of service industry structure due to complementarity with high skilled labor and negative "employment transfer effect" because of the substitution of low skilled labor. Under the offset of positive and negative effects, the overall upgrading effect is not obvious. The improvement of regional higher education intensity is not only able to enhance the "service demand effect" of industrial robots, but also to weaken "employment transfer effect", so that the interaction between education intensity and robots has positive effect on upgrading service industry structure. It is suggested that cities with high robot penetration level and low education intensity should appropriately expand the scale of higher education in order to realize the advanced development of service industry structure under the background of intelligence.