王安石的科举改革与北宋古文运动关系疏证

The Research Relationship Between Wang Anshi’s Imperial Examination Reform and the Ancient Prose Movement in the Northern Song Dynasty

王安石的科举改革与北宋古文运动的关系,可从思想及文体两个层面入手探究。一方面,两者在最核心的价值观层面是一致的,都是为了追求经世致用的文章之士,科举改革使得当时的古文创作更强调实用性,更明确地指向现实政治。但不可否认的是,改革后的考核模式使得士子知识结构单一,统一的评判标准又禁锢了士子思想的发展,造成思想上的空疏浅陋。另一方面,科举改革后,经义大盛,尽管有王安石的模范经义珠玉在前,但源于思想领域的不自由和文体程式化的发展,经义写作从最初的明白切实逐渐走向僵化和凋敝,呈现文气衰竭的局面,从而造就了北宋末期古文领域境况的整体低迷,北宋古文运动也在萧条中走向了终结阶段。

The relationship between Wang Anshi’s imperial examination reform and the ancient prose movement inthe Northern Song Dynasty could be explored from two aspects of ideology and style. On the one hand, bothof them had the same core values, that is, pursuing practical writing. The imperial examination reform madethe ancient prose creation at that time more emphasized practicality and application, and more clearlypointed to realistic politics. However, it is undeniable that the reformed examination mode made theknowledge structure of scholars simple, and the unified evaluation standard also restricts the development of scholars’ thoughts, resulting in the empty and shallow thoughts. On the other hand, after the reform ofimperial examination, the prose style of the Confucian classics argumentation was prevailing. Despite the fact that Wang Anshi’s exemplary article played a very good demonstrative role, however, because of the un-freedom of thought and stylized development of style, the writing of the Confucian classics argumentation gradually from the initial understandable to rigidity and depressed, presenting a situation of lack of themomentum of the article, which led to the overall downturn in the late northern Song prose field situation.The ancient prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty also came to an end in the depression.