汽车半主动悬架的最优控制研究及仿真

Research and Simulation on Optimal Control of Automotive Semi-Active Suspension

汽车悬架系统对汽车的平顺性和操纵稳定性起着重要作用。由于被动悬架的刚度和阻尼在车辆运行过程中不可调节,难以适应道路的多样性,不利于提高车辆的乘坐舒适性和平顺性。文章建立道路输入模型和1/4车辆二自由度被动悬架和半主动悬架的动力学模型;以车身加速度、悬架动态挠度和轮胎动载荷为评价指标,采用线性最优反馈策略设计最优控制器来控制半主动悬架的阻尼力。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK平台建立仿真模型,对被动悬架和最优控制的半主动悬架的性能进行对比仿真实验。结果表明,最优控制半主动悬架能有效地改善悬架的动态性能,提高车辆的行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性。

Vehicle suspension system plays an important role in vehicle ride comfort and handling stability.Due to the stiffness and damping of passive suspension are not adjustable during the vehicle operation process,it is difficult to adapt to the diversity of roads,which is not conducive to improving the ride comfort of vehicles.In this paper,the road input model and the dynamic model of 1/4 vehicle two degree of freedom passive suspension and semi-active suspension are established.Taking the vehicle body acceleration,suspension dynamic deflection and tire dynamic load as evaluation indexes,the linear optimal feedback strategy is used to design the optimal controller to control the damping force of semi-active suspension.It uses the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform to establish simulation model,and conducts comparative simulation experiments for the performance of passive suspension and semi-active suspension with optimal control.The results show that the optimal control semi-active suspension can effectively improve the dynamic performance of the suspension and improve the ride comfort of the vehicle.