城市公园绿地供给公平性评价与优化布局研究

Research on Supply Equity Evaluation and Optimal Layout of Urban Park Green Space

作为城市中重要的绿色基础设施,公园绿地在保护生物多样性、减轻城市热岛效应和为居民提供休闲娱乐场所等方面发挥巨大作用。公园绿地的空间配置是否公平满足居民需求,并实现资源保障,是现阶段城市公园绿地规划研究中亟待解决的问题。为此,以徐州市泉山区11个街道的公园绿地为研究对象,利用ArcGIS网络分析功能,基于两步移动搜索法、基尼系数和供需关系等评价城市公园绿地供给公平性,提出公园绿地优化布局方案。研究发现:(1)研究区内公园绿地空间布局不均衡,75%的小区供给小于人均公园绿地14.6 m2/人的标准,服务范围存在盲区;(2)人口密度和公园绿地布局呈现空间不匹配,1个街道基尼系数超过警戒线,4个街道接近警戒线;(3)供需关系差异性显著,研究区6个街道属于低供高需区,供需关系有待改善;(4)布局优化策略上,采用三步优化法,10年内优化配置243.79 hm2的公园绿地,使92个供给不足的小区达标,小区级别基尼系数降低47%。研究为优化徐州市公园绿地系统、提高公园绿地服务供给公平性提供了数据支撑。

As an essential green infrastructure in the city,the green park space plays a huge role in protecting biodiversity,reducing the urban heat island effect,and providing leisure and entertainment places for the residents.Whether the spatial allocation of green park space can reasonably meet the needs of residents and realize the resource guarantee will be an urgent problem to be solved in the current research of urban green park space planning.Therefore,with the green park space of 11 streets in Quanshan District of Xuzhou City as the research object,the ArcGIS network analysis function is used to evaluate the supply fairness of the two-step mobile search method,Gini coefficient,and supply and demand relationship,and the optimal layout scheme of the green park space is proposed.The study found that:(1)the spatial layout of green park space in the study area is unbalanced,75%of the community supply is less than 14.6 m2/person,the service scope has a blind area;(2)Population density and park green space layout show space mismatch,the Gini coefficient of one street exceeds the warning line,and four streets are close to the warning line;(3)The supply and demand difference in the low supply and high demand area,the six streets in the study area belong to the low supply and high demand area,and the supply and demand relationship needs to be improved;(4)In terms of layout optimization strategy,the three-step optimization method is adopted to optimize the allocation of 243.79 hm2 park green space within 10 years,so that the 92 communities with insufficient supply can reach the standard,and the community-level Gini coefficient is reduced by 47%.The research results provide data support for optimizing the park green space system in Xuzhou City and improving the fairness of the park green space service supply.