太原市5种常见湿地植物的滞尘能力及光合响应差异

Differences of dust retention ability and photosynthetic response of five common species of wetland plants in Taiyuan

为了筛选滞尘能力强、可治理大气颗粒物污染的湿地植物,以太原市汾河公园常见的香蒲、千屈菜、芦苇、水芹菜和美人蕉5种湿地植物为研究对象,采用水洗测量法研究5种湿地植物的滞尘能力和粒径组成,并对其滞尘后的光合响应进行分析.结果表明:随着滞尘时间的延长,5种湿地植物的单位叶面积滞尘量和单株滞尘量均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,且不同湿地植物的滞尘量存在显著差异,从大到小依次为美人蕉>芦苇>香蒲>千屈菜>水芹菜. 5种湿地植物的滞尘颗粒均以TSP为主,美人蕉中滞尘颗粒的相对含量最高,平均滞尘粒径最小.随着滞尘时间的延长,5种湿地植物的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率、PSⅡ潜在最大光合效率、PSⅡ实际光合效率、光化学淬灭系数、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶活性和Rubisco活化酶活性均逐渐降低,非光化学淬灭系数逐渐上升,景天庚酮糖-1,7-二磷酸脂酶活性和果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶活性则先上升后下降,且彼此间变化幅度存在显著差异,从小到大依次为美人蕉<芦苇<香蒲<千屈菜<水芹菜.总体来看,5种湿地植物中,美人蕉和芦苇的滞尘能力和抗粉尘能力最强,可广泛用作湿地公园的绿化树种.

In order to screen the wetland plants with strong dust retention ability,five common species of wetland plants including Typha orientalis Presl,Lythrum salicaria L.,Phragmites australis,Oenanthe javanica,Canna indica L.in Fenhe Park of Taiyuan City were chosen as research objects.The dust retention ability and particle size composition of five wetland plants were studied using water washing method,and their photosynthetic responses after dust retention were analyzed.The results showed that with the prolongation of dust retention time,the dust retention per leaf area and per plant of five wetland plants showed a gradual upward trend and the dust retention capacity were significant differences among different wetland plants,and the order from strong to weak was C.indica>P.australis>T.orientalis>L.salicaria>O.javanica.The dust retention particles of five wetland plants were mainly TSP,and the relative content of the dust retention particles in C.indica was the highest and the average particle size of dust retention is the smallest.With the prolongation of dust retention time,the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,transpiration rate,potential maximum photosynthetic efficiency,actual photosynthetic efficiency,photochemical quenching coefficient,ribose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase activities and rubisco activase activity of five wetland plants were decreased gradually,non-photochemical quenching coefficient of five wetland plants were gradually increased,the heptanone-1,7-diphosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase activities of five wetland plants were increased first and then decreased,and the range of change were significant differences among five wetland plants,the order was C.indica<P.australis<T.orientalis<L.salicaria<O.javanica.In general,C.indica and P.australis had the strongest dust retention ability and dust resistance among the five wetland plants,which could be widely used as green tree species in wetland park.