论“权益”在不正当竞争认定中的作用

Functions of "Rights" in Unfair Competition Identification

对于“权益”在不正当竞争认定中的作用,我国理论界和实务界存在着单一的侵权范式或利益衡量范式这两种误解,导致了对于“权益”地位的过度重视或忽视。对《反不正当竞争法》中“权益”作用的重新建构,可以借助于民法中的“权益三标准”理论,如果一种权益具有归属效能、排除效能和社会典型公开性,则对其的侵害可直接构成不正当竞争行为,反之则应当进行利益衡量分析,并坚持谨慎干预的原则。这种新的不正当竞争认定范式符合《反不正当竞争法》对于行为预见性和谦抑性的需求。

Regarding the role of “rights” in the identification of unfair competition, there are two misunderstandings in Chinese theoretical and practical circles: the paradigm of infringement and the paradigm of interest measurement, which has led to excessive attention or neglect of the status of “rights”. The function of “rights” in the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People’s Republic of China should be reconstructed with the help of the theory of the “three standards of rights” in civil law. If a kind of rights has attribution efficiency, exclusion efficiency, and socially typical publicity, the infringement can directly constitute an unfair competition act. Otherwise, interest measurement analysis should be carried out, and the principle of cautious intervention should be obeyed. This new paradigm of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People’s Republic of China for identifying unfair competition meets the need for predictability and modesty.