《民法典》视野下分期付款买卖中出卖人解除权的适用难题与破解之道

Application of Seller’s Rescission Right in Installment Buying and Selling under the View of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China and Solution to It

我国对于分期付款买卖的法律规定相对较少,虽然最高院出台了67号指导案例,并且新颁布的《中华人民共和国民法典》第634条也增加了催告程序,可依旧没有解决分期付款买卖中出卖人解除权在司法实践中难以适用的问题,且67号指导案例本身也存在争议。为解决该问题,就要放开分期付款买卖合同“标的先交付性”的特征限制,将拟制交付等多种交付形式纳入交付形式之中,并明确其价款的分期支付性的特征。对于分期付款之股权转让买卖适用解除权问题,应以解除合同-返还原物-履行成本过高(“履行不能”)-赔偿损失的路径进行判断,无需连篇累牍的援引其它原则及相关利益进行衡量。对于解除权中请求支付全部价款以及请求解除合同的行使条件也应作出不同的规制。

There are relatively few legal provisions on installment sales in China. Although the Supreme Court issued the No.67 guiding case and the newly promulgated Article 634 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China also added a reminder procedure, it still failed to apply the seller’s right to rescind in installment sales in judicial practice, and the No.67 guiding case itself is controversial. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to let go of the characteristic limitation of“subject first delivery”in the installment sales contract,bring various delivery forms such as draft delivery into the delivery form, and clarify the characteristics of installment payment of its price. As to the application of the right of rescission in the sale of equity transfer by installment payment, people should judge it by the path of rescission of contract-return of original goods-high cost of performance(“unable to perform”)-compensation for losses, and do not need to invoke other principles and related interests to measure it. Different regulations should be made on the exercise conditions of requesting to pay the full price and requesting to terminate the contract.