从归纳到演绎:报道框架分析方法回顾与辨析

From Inductive Approach to Deductive Approach:Summary and Discrimination of News Frame Analysis Methods

报道框架分析方法主要有定性分析法、演绎分析法、人工整体分析法、元素分析法和计算机辅助分析法五种。定性分析中的阐释学方法、计算机辅助分析中的词典方法是典型归纳式方法,适合做框架的深度阐释,但面临框架提取过程不透明的难题;演绎分析法、计算机辅助分析中的句法方法是典型演绎式方法,定性分析中的语言学方法、元素分析法则是非典型演绎式方法,均适合做定量分析,但存在不能识别新框架的短板。此外,人工整体分析法则是归纳与演绎两种方法的结合,但仍需要进一步提高这种方法的信效度。归纳式、演绎式及两者结合的三类报道框架分析路径方法,也体现了框架研究从定性向定量的转向。

There are five main methods for analyzing the news frame: qualitative approach, deductive approach, manual holistic approach, elemental approach and computer-assisted approach. The hermeneutic method in qualitative approach and the dictionary method in computer-assisted approach are typical inductive approaches, which are suitable for in-depth interpretation of frames, but they are faced with the problem of opaque frame extraction process. The deductive approach and the syntactic method in computer-assisted approach are typical deductive approaches, while linguistic method in qualitative approach and elemental approach are atypical deductive approaches, which are suitable for quantitative analysis, but there are shortcomings that cannot identify the new frame. In addition, the manual holistic approach is a combination of inductive and deductive approaches, but the reliability and validity of this approach still need to be improved. The frame analysis follows three paths: inductive approach, deductive approach, and the combination of the two, which also reflects the shift from qualitative to quantitative frame analysis.