基于注采自由度的储气产品模式及溢价机制

Gas storage product mode and premium mechanism based on degree of freedom for injection/withdrawal

在天然气市场化改革推进、储气库转向独立运营的背景下,设计符合中国天然气产业实际的储气产品具有现实意义。通过分析储气产品设计的基本理论及中国储气产品的理想形态,从储气产品的注采自由度出发,给出适用于中国实际的储气产品设计模式,并讨论了储气产品的溢价机制及物理约束。由于储气产品能够捕捉天然气价格波动而具有金融价值,储气产品应根据量化的金融价值进行溢价。设计了从时段产品到日前产品的一系列不同注采自由度储气产品,随着注采自由度的提升,产品的溢价能力提升,调配难度也随之增大。结果表明:在高市场化程度下,应设计多样化的储气产品;在低市场程度下,设计相对单一的储气产品。盐穴储气库由其灵活性带来产品金融价值优势,但这种优势在低市场化程度时体现不出来。不同产品的比例应根据储气库对用户需求的预测来决定。研究结果可为天然气市场化进程中的储气产品设计提供理论基础。

In the context of promoting the market-oriented reform of natural gas and the transformation of gas storage to independent operation,it is necessary to design gas storage products that meet the conditions of natural gas industry in China.Herein,the design modes of gas storage products suitable for the conditions of China were proposed from the point of the degree of freedom for injection/withdrawal by analyzing the basic theory on design and the desired form of gas storage products in China.Meanwhile,the premium mechanism of gas storage products and the physical constraints were discussed.Due to the financial value given by the capacity of capturing gas price fluctuation,the gas storage products should have a premium rate controlled by their quantified financial values.A series of gas storage products with different degree of freedom for injection/withdrawal were designed from temporary product to day-ahead product.With the increasing of degree of freedom for injection/withdrawal,the premium rate and the deployment difficulty are also increased.The results show that diversified products should be provided for high marketization degree while relatively simple products should be provided for low marketization degree.Salt cavern storage has the advantage of financial value due to its flexibility,but such advantage could not be presented in the market with low marketization degree.The ratio of various products should be determined by prediction of the gas storage on customer requirements.Generally,this research results could provide a theoretical basis for the gas storage product design during natural gas marketization.