科学数据共享存续危机及治理研究

Study on the Scientific Data Sharing Survival Crisis and Governance

[目的/意义]为维持科学数据共享的可持续向善,在推崇科学数据共享积极向度的同时,需要系统研判与分析科学数据共享存续危机,并思考相应的治理策略,以维护科学数据共享存续的整体生态建设。[方法/过程]文章从微观与宏观两个维度剖析科学数据共享存续危机的产生原因:(1)个体理性引发集体非理性所导致的存续危机;(2)数据共享关系异化导致的信任危机;(3)数据权限派系之争妨碍公共利益实现危机;(4)社会资本不平等弱化共享管理公平危机。基于集体理性向度从合作治理、普遍信任重建、合作共益体系创设以及自组织过程机制等维度提出相应的治理策略。[结果/结论]科学数据共享通过促进科学数据的流动和重用,不仅可以降低科学数据稀缺态势和重复生产开发成本,而且可以规避数据谬误等所造成的科学研究失败风险。思考科学数据共享存续危机及治理策略,是谋求科技资源集体智慧、创建以数据为主要驱动因素的新型科学共同体的战略举措。

[Purpose/significance] In order to sustain the beneficial dimension of scientific data sharing,it is necessary to systematically analyze and determine the survival crisis of scientific data sharing,and consider the corresponding governance strategies,rather than only stressing the positive dimension of scientific data sharing,which is to keep the overall ecological construction of the survival of scientific data sharing.[Method/process] This paper analyzes the survival crisis of scientific data sharing from the two dimensions of micro individual and macro whole:(1)Survival crisis derived from the individual rationality of subject sharing behavior leading to collective irrationality.(2)The alienation of data sharing relationship resulting in trust crisis.(3)Survival crisis in data sharing factional disputes hindering the realization of public interests.(4)Survival crisis in social capital inequality weakening the equity of shared management.Then,based on the idea of collective rationality,this paper presents corresponding governance strategies from the dimensions of cooperative governance,universal trust reconstruction,cooperative mutual benefit system and self-organizing process mechanism.[Result/conclusion] By promoting the flow and reuse of scientific data,scientific data sharing can not only reduce the scarcity of scientific data and the cost of repeated production and development,but also avoid the risk of scientific research failure caused by data fallacies.Reflection of the survival crisis and governance strategy for scientific data sharing can be considered as the strategic measure to seek the collective wisdom of scientific and technological resources,and create a new scientific community with data as the main driving factor.