理雅各“分裂的惯习”之“被结构”与“结构”剖析——基于《孟子》译本副文本的研究

Analysesofthe“structured”and“structuring”featuresofJamesLegge’s“CleftHabitus”:The Works of Mencius

中西学界对理雅各其人及其翻译和传教活动一直颇具争议。本文以理雅各《孟子》译本序言、注释及个人演讲等副文本材料为主要研究对象,研究发现理雅各在对孟子的评价、鸦片战争以及传教等问题上均呈现出明显的自相矛盾,而这正是学界对其评价褒贬不一的重要原因。本文借用布迪厄反思性社会学理论,基于“惯习”的“被结构”特性,探究理雅各矛盾状态背后“分裂的惯习”以及构建该“分裂的惯习”的主要场域;在此基础上,基于“惯习”的“结构”功能,揭示理雅各在中国典籍英译等活动中呈现出来的“分裂的惯习”其实是背后多元文化为争夺资本、重构场域进行的斗争和博弈。

There have always been controversial comments on James Legge and his translating and preaching activities. This paper mainly studies the paratexts of Legge’ s version of The Works of Mencius, including the prefaces, annotations and his speeches, and discovers that he has paradoxical opinions on Mencius, the Opium War and the missionary work, which leads to other scholars’ controversial comments on him. Then this paper adopts Pierre Bourdieu’s “Reflexive Sociology” and bases on the “structured” feature of “habitus” to explore the “cleft habitus” behind Legge’s paradoxical opinions and the main fields which construct his “cleft habitus”;furthermore, based on the “structuring” function of “habitus”, this paper sheds light on the fact that Legge’s “cleft habitus” is actually different cultures’ fighting for capital and further, restructuring the fields.