大数据红利的概念、特征及估算

Concept,Features and Estimation of Big Data Dividend

智能信息时代的大数据红利体现在政府、企业、社会的各方各面,具有广泛的发展效应,对其内涵、特征与估算的探索将拓展国内外大数据研究的新体系。文章结合与主题相关的前沿文献与事例,以数字红利等近似概念为基点,从商业、公共两个视角出发推导出大数据红利的内涵,并对其特征与估算法作出比较和分类。大数据红利本质是一种信息技术孵化的外溢性效应,其开始于商业领域,渗透在公共与社会领域的诸多方面,关于其内涵的观点具备多元视角性,其中,“结果效应说”和“数据价值论”颇具代表性。就特征而言,有效性红利与潜在性红利构成完整的大数据红利,二者各有其属性、表现与结果,互相亦具有因果关系或相关性。当下估算大数据红利的方法可划分为数理估算、资产估算及综合估算三类,每类估算法的产生时间、方法特性和适用场域都不同。

The dividend of big data in the era of intelligent information is reflected in all aspects of the government,enterprises and society,and has a wide range of development effects.The exploration of its connotation,characteristics and estimation will expand the new system of big data research at home and abroad.This paper combines with the topic-related frontier literature and examples,takes the approximate concepts like digital dividend as the base point,and starts from the commercial and public perspectives to deduce the connotation of big data dividend.In addition,the paper compares and classifies the characteristics and estimation methods of big data dividend.The essence of big data dividend is a spillover effect of information technology incubation.It starts in the commercial field and permeates many aspects in the public and social fields.There are multiple perspectives on its connotation,among which“consequence affection theory”and“data value theory”are representative.In terms of characteristics,effective dividend and potential dividend constitute a complete big data dividend;they both have their own attributes,performance and results,and also have causality or correlation with each other.At present,the methods for estimating big data dividend can be divided into mathematical estimation,asset estimation and comprehensive estimation,and each type of estimation method has different generation time,method characteristics and application field.