《千金要方》新雕本、宋校本“桂”类药物异文探析

Analysis of Textual Difference in Cinnamon-like Herbs in Song’s Edition and Xindiao’s Edition of Qian Jin Yao Fang(Invaluable Prescriptions)

通过比较《千金要方》宋校本与新雕本均载录含“桂”类药物的349首方剂中,其“桂”类药物在药名、计量单位、药物剂量等方面的异文,探析宋人校改医书的原则与方法。分析结果显示,宋人将原书“桂”类药物的名称及计量单位进行了统一;宋人采用理校法,根据方剂的主治病证、方内药物用量的比例、煎煮方法等对“桂”类药物用量进行了修改。结果提示,宋校本《千金要方》“桂”类药物经宋人校改,在较大程度上偏离原书原貌;宋人所校各书相应方剂的药量出入较大,呈现出错综复杂的特点;研究和使用宋校医书,应同时参照同时期其他医书的相关内容,充分做好文献考证与医理推敲。

By comparing the textural difference in the terminology,measurement units,and medication dosage of cinnamon-like herbs in the 349 prescriptions recorded in both editions of Qian Jin Yao Fang(Invaluable Prescriptions),i.e.,Song’s edition(printed in the third year of Zhiping period of the Northern Song Dynasty by Office of Revising Medical Books)and Xindiao’s edition(the popular edition before official block printing of the Northern Song Dynasty),we explored the principles and methods for proofreading the medical books by the researchers of Song dynasty.The comparative analysis results showed that the Song researchers had unified the terminology and measurement units of cinnamon-like herbs in the original book,and the dosage of cinnamon-like herbs in the original book has been modified according to the main indicated symptoms of the prescription,the proportion of the amount of the herbs in the prescription,and the method of decoction.The results indicated that cinnamon-like herbs in the Song’s edition of Qian Jin Yao Fang have been revised,which causes a great degree of deviation from the original appearance of the original book;there are great differences in the dosage of cinnamon-like herbs in the prescriptions recorded in various medical books proofread by Song dynasty,which makes the dosage of cinnamon-like herbs be complicated and confused;during the research and application of the Song’s edition of Qian Jin Yao Fang,it is necessary to make reference to the Xindiao’s edition and other medical books at the same period,so as to ensure the sufficient textual research and make reasonable medical reasoning.